Flashing-LED Battery-Status Indicator Circuit

Signals when an on-circuit battery is exhausted, 5V to 12V operating voltage

A Battery-status Indicator circuit can be useful, mainly to monitor portable Test-gear instruments and similar devices. LED D1 flashes to attire the user's attention, signaling that the circuit is running, so it will not be left on by mistake. The circuit generates about two LED flashes per second, but the mean current drawing will be about 200µA. Transistors Q1 and Q2 are wired as an uncommon complementary astable multivibrator: both are off 99% of the time, saturating only when the LED illuminates, thus contributing to keep very low current consumption.

Circuit operation:

The circuit will work with battery supply voltages in the 5 - 12V range and the LED flashing can be stopped at the desired battery voltage (comprised in the 4.8 - 9V value) by adjusting Trimmer R4. This range can be modified by changing R3 and/or R4 value slightly. When the battery voltage approaches the exhausting value, the LED flashing frequency will fall suddenly to alert the user. Obviously, when the battery voltage has fallen below this value, the LED will remain permanently off. To keep stable the exhausting voltage value, diode D1 was added to compensate Q1 Base-Emitter junction changes in temperature. The use of a Schottky-barrier device (e.g. BAT46, 1N5819 and the like) for D1 is mandatory: the circuit will not work if a common silicon diode like the 1N4148 is used in its place.

Circuit diagram:
Parts:

R1 = 220R - 1/4W Resistor
R2 = 120K - 1/4W Resistor
R3 = 5.6K - 1/4W Resistor
R4 = 5K - 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
R5 = 33K - 1/4W Resistor
R6 = 680K - 1/4W Resistor
R7 = 220R - 1/4W Resistor
R8 = 100K - 1/4W Resistor
R9 = 180R - 1/4W Resistor
C1 = 4.7uF - 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C2 = 4.7uF - 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
Q1 = BC547 - 45V 100mA NPN Transistor
Q2 = BC557 - 45V 100mA PNP Transistor
B1 = 5V to 12V Battery supply
D1 = BAT46 - 100V 150mA Schottky-barrier Diode
D2 = LED - Red 5mm.

Note:

• Mean current drawing of the circuit can be reduced further on by raising R1, R7 and R9 values.